Answers to Questions About Commas #5

Answers to Questions About Commas #5 Answers to Questions About Commas #5 Answers to Questions About Commas #5 By Maeve Maddox Several readers have sent in questions regarding comma use. I’ll take them in turn. 1. Does a comma always go before the word too? No. Whether or not a writer places a comma before the word too depends upon the desired emphasis. Too is an adverb meaning in addition, furthermore, moreover, besides, also.† The only reason to place a comma before the too is to slow the pace of the sentence or change the emphasis: My dog can fetch the paper too. My dog can fetch the paper, too. The same option applies when the too comes within the sentence: I too can recite the Gettysburg Address. I, too, can recite the Gettysburg Address. A note in the CMOS (Chicago Manual of Style) recommends that we use commas with too only when we want to emphasize an abrupt change of thought. The editor gives this memorable example: He didn’t know at first what hit him, but then, too, he hadn’t ever walked in a field strewn with garden rakes. In most cases, commas with too are unnecessary. 2. Is it correct to place a semicolon before however and a comma after it? Yes. The building was completely remodeled on the inside; however, the 18th century faà §ade was left unaltered. 3. Is it necessary to place a comma before â€Å"as well as†? You don’t need a comma before â€Å"as well as† when it introduces words that are essential to the meaning of the entire sentence: I like mysteries as well as historical novels. The no-smoking policy applies to teachers as well as to students. The â€Å"as well as† phrase is enclosed with commas iflike a non-restrictive clauseit can be left out without affecting the meaning of the main clause: Mysteries, as well as historical novels, rank high on my list of favorites. The teachers, as well as the students, must respect the no-smoking policy. 4. Can you replace a semicolon with a comma? No, with certain exceptions. The semicolon is stronger than a comma, but not as strong a stop as a period. Its usual job is to separate independent clauses that are closely related in thought. Grandpa patiently fed the kitten with an eye-dropper; he’d always had a soft spot for baby animals. Sometimes, if the clauses are very short, commas can replace semicolons or coordinating conjunctions to achieve literary effect, as in the usual translation of Julius Caesar’s famous â€Å"Veni, vidi, vici†: â€Å"I came, I saw, I conquered.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:One Fell Swoop5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Assignment about two readings Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About two readings - Assignment Example The east and the west communicated smoothly via the trade activities. The inland areas were rather aloof from this bonding. The sea kept the states united and the same water body washed different geographical regions with varying characteristics. 2) The Roman Empire began to weaken a sit was invaded from the north by the barbarians. Spain, Italy and Suevi were invaded by the Vandals, the Quadi and the Franks respectively. Their idea was not to destroy the civilization but to enjoy the mild climate and rich oil. The Germanic invasions did not take away the traditions of the ancient civilization of Europe though the balance of power was disrupted and the provinces began to be occupied by the Germans. The change actually occurred when the Moslems invaded the empire. The Prophet replaced the Christian Faith, Moslem law and the Arab tongue also came in practice. The Mediterranean Sea or the Roman Lake now turned into the Moslem Lake. The rest of the Europe was cut out from the Mediterranean region. (Pirenne, 25) 3) Einhard was a barbarian writer who resided at the court of the King Charles I or Chalemagne, the King of the Franks. He wrote many compositions on the King’s life and works. He praises the King in his works and shared a close bonding with him and his children. Einhard writes loosely about the King including his ways of living, his treatment of his children and family and his appearance, which marked a strong presence. He was moderate in eating and drinking. He planned he education of his children well and made good judgments. It is through the documents of Einhard that we come to get a properly detailed account of King Charles’ life. He uses whatever scanty knowledge he possesses about language and narrates the achievements of the Great King Charlemagne. (Pirenne, 38-42) 4) Einhard considered King Charles or Charlemagne a great man mainly because of the immense

Brain Research Supports Differentiation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brain Supports Differentiation - Research Paper Example The learning atmosphere should appear friendly and safe to a student, since a disturbed child tends to release such chemicals that hamper learning. Likewise, if a student will fees overstressed due to arduous curriculum or any other factor, then his brain will release excessive neurotransmitters that will inhibit learning. As opposed to this, the brain would fail to generate chemicals required for optimal learning if a child is presented with an easy curriculum. After a series of quantitative and qualitative researches, patterns developed that reflected how differentiation variables constructively influenced student accomplishment (Subban, 2006). Not every student will achieve unless teachers themselves do not confidently believe that all students are achievers. Effective teaching should be explicit; the mind-set of teachers needs to be reformed. Practical qualitative researches demonstrated that learning style was synonymous with selection and preference. Moreover, it exposed that achievement escalated by utilizing choice charts; and a regression analysis showed that achievement accelerated by 0.007 by differentiation in reading in accordance with learning styles. Learning style is an integral aspect of qualitative analysis in studying differentiation. Pragmatic classroom observations and discussion with teachers led to the notion that learning styles comprised the elements of choice and preference. Tomlinson and Allan define differentiation as a reply to the needs of a leaner (Tomlinson & Allan, 2000). Teachers should use differentiation in subject matter, procedure, and outcome, in the light of a student’s interest, zeal, and learning profile. Several qualitative studies like Shaughnessy (chapter IV) have concluded that selection, curiosity, and learning styles have a bearing on the motivation and preference of a student. Another imperative question is whether student achievement is

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Project Management - Assignment Example Also I learned these questions will direct me towards the correct projects. During that training, I learned that planning enables managers to have predetermined criteria on how they can execute duties, and have well informed decisions. The training involved 5PM techniques which included; Initiation, planning, executing, Monitoring, and controlling. This techniques enables to define who authorizes the project, enable me to describe the management of the project, be able to help the group members to work together to complete a project, and how to check the progression of the project and rectify the problems. Being a Project Manager, I have been assigned a task of upgrading system software in an organization. The organization has an old system that needs to be upgraded so as to be efficient, and save time. Such undertakings are subject to many challenges if proper planning and execution is not done well. So utmost care must be taken. Some of the risks that such projects suffer include; on-time and on budget completion, security compromise, software compatibility issues and lack or no training to the users of the organization (Barbier, 2003). The software upgrade done should be able to have a specific timeline i.e. a life cycle that has a start of use and when the program should be replaced because it has become obsolete with time. There is also the aspect of the scope of work the software can and not do. This has to be defined from the beginning The compelling purpose of this project is to enhance efficiency, increase functionality, and thus productivity of the organization by use of Software. The organization has been suffering from incompetency because of lack better software to help the firm to run its auditing work. Thus it has led to the company to rely on paper work which is slow, bulky, and untidy. Digitizing a system cannot be underestimated. Because operation costs and

Feminism and the Body in Art

Feminism and the Body in Art Modernism is described usually as a movement and a tendency to provoke reflection and an individual character. During this period, art was seen to be set in its ways and people wanted to expand with new ideas and not stay in the lines of colour and structure. This movement was a representation of alternative modes for literature, art, photography and film. Its intention was to find new hidden meaning in human kind and use them to the best of their ability in experimentation. I feel therefore I exist. (Internet Archive Jean Jacques) The Oxford English Dictionary refers to postmodernism as a style and concept in the arts characterized by distrust of theories and ideologies and by the drawing of attention to conventions. (Internet Oxford Dictionary) Post Modernism didnt seem to have a theory, it was what it was, which meant it had smaller narratives and people gained the knowledge to do something with it. This is also portrayed in what was thought to be the start date of post modernism as no one really knows when modernism ends and postmodernism starts, what it does illustrate is cultural thinking and the way we live, what came with this is the reaction to what people thought modernism was. People rejected the thought of perfection but wanted design and purpose. Known for her conversation on bodies, sexuality and gender Carolee Schneemanns work is fundamentally characterized by research into visual convention. Schneemann focuses on the body as an individual and its relationship in general. Schneemanns family was largely supportive of her enjoyment of freeness with her body. As a child, her friends described her as a mad pantheist, due to her relationship and respect for nature'(Kate Haug p114) Schneemann cites her earliest connections between art and sexuality to her drawings from ages four and five, which she drew on her fathers prescription tablets (Linda Montano p135) Carolee Schneemann started her art career as a painter in the late 1950s. Neo-Dada was something that had because an accruing characteristic in her work, adopting box structures coupled with expressionist brushwork. These were shared with Robert Rauschberg using heavy textural characteristics. Schneemann described the atmosphere in the art community at this time as misogynistic and that female artists of the time were not aware of their bodies. These works integrated influence by artists such as Post-Impressionist painter Paul CÃ ©zanne and the issues in painting brought up by the abstract expressionists. (internet archive Jane Harris) Schneemann chose to focus on expressiveness in her art rather than accessibility or stylishness. Still describing herself as a formalist, unlike other feminist artists she didnt want to distance herself from male-oriented art history. Schneemann acknowledges that she is often labelled as a feminist icon and that she is an influential figure to female artists, but she also notes that she reaches out to male artists as well. Though she is noted for being a feminist figure, her works explore issues in art and rely heavily on her broad knowledge of art history. Though works such as Eye Body were meant to explore the processes of painting and assemblage, rather than to address feminist topics, they still possess a strong female presence. Revolving herself around sexual expression and liberation Schneemann decided not to revolve around victimization and repression of women. According to artist and lecturer Johannes Birringer, Schneemanns work resists the political correctness enforced by some branches of feminism as well as ideologies which feminists claim are misogynist, such as psychoanalysis. He also asserts that Schneemanns work is difficult to classify and analyze as it combines constructivist and painterly concepts with her physical body and energy.'(Kristine Stiles p3) In her 1976 book CÃ ©zanne, She Was a Great Painter, Schneemann wrote that she used nudity in her artwork to break taboos associated with the kinetic human body and to show that the life of the body is more variously expressive than a sex-negative society can admit. She also stated, In some sense I made a gift of my body to other women; giving our bodies back to ourselves. She preferred her term art historical (without the h), so as to reject th e his in history (Bonnie Marranca Review) While Jo Spence being a surliest and a feminist started her art life working on documentaries, which was very motivated by her political views. Spreading her working life across various camera projects, including being the founder of Hackney Flashers in 1974. After being diagnosed with cancer, Spence became particularly fascinated with the doctor patient relationship Passing through the hands of the medical profession can be terrifying when you have breast cancer.'(Jo Stanley article) Spence decided to document everything that was happening to her through photography, a piece taken while she had a mammograph done truly showed the brutality of her illness as she put her whole body under the scrutiny of one machine making her an active subject in her work. After a lumpectomy, Spence decided to undertake the holistic approach to cancer and underwent various Chinese medicine treatments, as she felt no need for chemotherapy or radioactive drugs. She also decided to use photography as a healing drug putting the emotion and passion into her work as she felt like cancer was able to take everything else. Through phototherapy she managed to capture the relationship between the doctor and the patient, her feelings towards cancer and the powerlessness as a patient. All of this was a need for Jo Spence to portray as not only a patient but a feminist. She was particularly interested in the perception of the breast as substance of desire, a medium for nourishing babies, and finally in her case of breast cancer, as a possession to be installed in the hands of the medical institution. This is what has really inspired me with her work, and her experience during her suffering of cancer. This is demonstrated in her photo of her breast, marked with pen t he property of Jo Spence? where she appears to question her rights over her own body, using the breast as a metaphor for womens struggle to become an active subject. (Bonnie Marranca Review) She puts no limits on her work and covers many social issues while her own pain. Jo Spence really makes me think about the body as a subject rather than an object. Thinking about the body and what it is used for, you never expect it to be destroyed by such an evil mass and this is what Jo Spence looks at. I think Spence has a certain power over her work and having such a raw quality which she uses to her best advantage, this is something I can only hope to achieve in my future work. After looking at her work I can only appreciate her time going through her ordeal of cancer, as I have only been a witness to what cancer can do no one can fully understand it until you go through it. Spence using photography captures the story but what cant be told. Internet Archive The Confessions Of Jean Jacques Rousseau Now For The First Time Completely Translated Into English With Out Expurgation Volume II [internet] [accessed 15.11.2009] http://www.archive.org/stream/confessionsofjea012146mbp/confessionsofjea012146mbp_djvu.txt The Oxford Dictionary, Oxford University Press 2009 [internet] [accessed 15.11.2009] http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/postmodernism?view=uk Journal Haug, Kate (1998). An Interview with Carolee Schneemann (1) P 114 (accessed 20.11.2009) Montano, Linda (2001). Interview with Linda Montano. Imaging Her Erotics: Essays, Interviews, Projects (accessed 20.11.2009) Morgan, Robert C.1997. Carolee Schneemann: The Politics of Eroticism. Art Journal 56 (4): pp. 97-100 (accessed 20.11.2009) Harris, Jane (1996). Review / Carolee schneemann http://www.plexus.org/review/harris/schneemn.html (internet) (accessed 20.11.2009) The Art of Transgression. Jo Stanley, editor. Routledge.1995 (accessed 20.11.2009) Stiles, Kristine (2003). The Painter as an Instrument of Real Time. Imaging Her Erotics: Essays, Interviews, Project (accessed 22.11.09) Marranca, Bonnie (1999). Book Review: Bodies of Action, Bodies of Thought: Performance and Its Critics p20 (accessed 22.11.09) Bonnie (1999). Book Review: Bodies of Action, Bodies of Thought: Performance and Its Critics p41 (accessed 22.11.09)

Ghosts in a Massachusetts Village :: Ghosts Spirits Hauntings Essays

Ghosts in a Massachusetts Village Sabine Heartwood passed through Moose River Junction years ago with her mother, an itinerant fortuneteller. Raised on the road as Ruby crisscrossed the country in her battered VW minibus, Sabine longed to settle down and was inexplicably drawn to this rural hamlet, where everyone knows everyone. Now that one of the town’s favorite sons has returned for his grandmother Beatrice’s funeral, at least there’s something to talk about. Danforth Smith is an up-and-coming assistant film director in New York, romantically linked with a bitchy, beautiful, ambitious actress. Shy Sabine is instantly attracted to him but she knows she can’t compete with the likes of Karen. And handsome Dan would never want to give up such a glamorous life to stay in Moose River Junction and care for his aging, mentally retarded uncle Nagy, per his mother Beatrice’s wish. Even though Beatrice, imperious and theatrical to a fault, insisted in her will that Nagy never be instit utionalized and instead be permitted to take tickets and sweep up at the Palace Theatre (her dead husband’s pet project and final legacy). Sabine intuitively senses Dan’s dark secret, but not its exact details. Yet Dan, given to solitary brooding, reveals all to the reader in interior monologues: he holds himself responsible for the accidental fire that killed his feuding parents when he was only six. He and Nagy were playing with a lighter, and his grandmother Beatrice always told Dan that the fire was his fault, not Nagy’s. Hmm†¦so that’s why Sabine seems to smell smoke in his presence but she doesn’t understand why. Gee, where does this strange knack for reading minds come from? The supposedly psychic young woman can’t figure it out, but mother Ruby is waiting in the wings with a grim secret of her own: Sabine is the child of an alcoholic gypsy, who raped Ruby when she was only fifteen. Ghosts in a Massachusetts Village :: Ghosts Spirits Hauntings Essays Ghosts in a Massachusetts Village Sabine Heartwood passed through Moose River Junction years ago with her mother, an itinerant fortuneteller. Raised on the road as Ruby crisscrossed the country in her battered VW minibus, Sabine longed to settle down and was inexplicably drawn to this rural hamlet, where everyone knows everyone. Now that one of the town’s favorite sons has returned for his grandmother Beatrice’s funeral, at least there’s something to talk about. Danforth Smith is an up-and-coming assistant film director in New York, romantically linked with a bitchy, beautiful, ambitious actress. Shy Sabine is instantly attracted to him but she knows she can’t compete with the likes of Karen. And handsome Dan would never want to give up such a glamorous life to stay in Moose River Junction and care for his aging, mentally retarded uncle Nagy, per his mother Beatrice’s wish. Even though Beatrice, imperious and theatrical to a fault, insisted in her will that Nagy never be instit utionalized and instead be permitted to take tickets and sweep up at the Palace Theatre (her dead husband’s pet project and final legacy). Sabine intuitively senses Dan’s dark secret, but not its exact details. Yet Dan, given to solitary brooding, reveals all to the reader in interior monologues: he holds himself responsible for the accidental fire that killed his feuding parents when he was only six. He and Nagy were playing with a lighter, and his grandmother Beatrice always told Dan that the fire was his fault, not Nagy’s. Hmm†¦so that’s why Sabine seems to smell smoke in his presence but she doesn’t understand why. Gee, where does this strange knack for reading minds come from? The supposedly psychic young woman can’t figure it out, but mother Ruby is waiting in the wings with a grim secret of her own: Sabine is the child of an alcoholic gypsy, who raped Ruby when she was only fifteen.

Communication and Hr

4DEP (HR) Developing Yourself as an Effective Human Resources Practitioner By Susanne Collier 7th November 2011 Activity 1 Today Human Resources (HR) is at the centre of business performance. HR professionals have an important role to play in driving decisions that enable their organisations to thrive in both the short and the longer term. Where in the past the function delivered the fundamentals that underpinned the employee lifecycle (such as recruitment, induction and salary administration) supporting organisation performance is now the theme running through HR’s work. The CIPD have introduced the HR Profession Map which sets out what HR practitioners need to know, do and deliver at all stages in their career. The Map is structured around ten professional areas of HR activity and it focuses on the knowledge, activities and behaviours required in the profession today. The first two professional areas, Strategy, insights and solutions (uses deep understanding of the business – activities, strategies and plans and underlying drivers of and barriers to sustainable performance, and needs of customers and employees – and unique insights to drive business performance through the creation and delivery of HR strategy and solutions) and Leading and managing the HR function (leads and manages a fit for purpose HR function, with a strong track record of operational excellence and a deep understanding of the organisation requirements. Ensures that the function has the right capability, capacity, and organisation design, and that HR employees are fully engaged, work collaboratively and possess a deep understanding of organisation and the drivers that create value). These are central to understanding the organisation and delivering an HR function that delivers success. There are eight behaviours shown on the HR Map that identify in detail how professionals need to carry out their activities and make a contribution to organisational success. Please see Appendix 1 for description of the eight behaviours. The behaviours have been clustered into the following groups: Each professional area and behaviour is described at four bands of professional competence, the bands range from those entering the profession at band one, to those that are leading it, at band four. I currently work as an Office Manager for Miller Heiman Inc at their EMEA headquarters in Milton Keynes. As part of my remit I have to ensure that the delivery of Human Resources (HR) service and information to leaders, managers and staff within the organisation is accurate, efficient, timely and cost-effective and that HR data is managed professionally as I am the first point of contact for all HR-related queries. I have therefore chosen to look at the Service Delivery and Information professional area at Band One, as I believe this is most relevant to my current role. There are eight activities, eleven skills and three behaviours that apply to band one within this professional area, please see Appendix 2. Within my role the behaviours detailed with the respective activity and knowledge are Collaborative, Driven to Deliver, Personally Credible, Curious, Role Model and Courage to Challenge. Collaborative Build appropriate professional, friendly and accessible relationships with employees, line managers, directors and network of suppliers. Driven to Deliver * Assist in the recruitment process – i. e. liaise with recruitment agencies, set up interviews and issue relevant correspondence. * Administer HR-related documentation, such as offer letters, contracts of employment, leavers' and pensions information. * Provide relevant documentation as requested for example employee handbooks, latest policy updates, sickness forms. * Provide data for and prepare management nformation reports, mainly around absence management. * Ensure the relevant HR databases are up to date, accurate and comply with relevant legislation. * Administer Childcare Voucher Scheme, liaising with employees and external providers. Personally Credible * Provide support and advice to employees and line managers, explaining policies and procedures in a timely and effective manner, including maternity, paternity, adoption, parental leave and health ; safety processes and queries regarding benefit and pay issues. * Assist in the development of HR procedures and policies. Take responsibility for own work. * Communicate well both in writing and verbally. * Use own initiative. * Have the ability to work accurately with attention to detail. Curious * Take part in teams meetings, events and training as required. * Have the flexibility and willingness to learn. * Constantly review suppliers for a cost/quality/se rvice comparison. * Good understanding of HR policies and procedures, health ; safety and basic understanding of employment legislation. * Attend Employment Law updates on a regular basis to keep abreast of changes in legislation. Role Model * Be resilient and able to work in an organisation that is undergoing change due to development and growth. * Use tact and diplomacy, being sensitive and respectful to others. * Contribute to the development and implementation of the overall ethos/work/aims of Miller Heiman. * Appreciate and understand the need of confidentiality in dealing with all HR and training issues. * Work in accordance with current policies and procedures. * Appreciate that projects need to be completed, methodical approach with an ability to work under pressure. Courage to Challenge Feedback and look at any changes that are needed in our current practices and implement. * Constantly review personal development plan in line with organisational objectives. Activity 2 HR Customers The HR department has many internal and external customers to serve, including employees, their managers, directors and legal and regulatory agencies. The needs of which may sometimes be in conflict. Below are the main cust omers I have to deal within my role on a daily basis and an example of a few of their needs: Directors| Line Managers| Staff/Peers| Latest Legislations UpdatesManagement Reporting| Appraisal DocumentationPolicy DocumentationHealth ; Safety issues| Payroll QueriesBenefit Entitlement QueriesSickness Forms| A need conflict may arise if for example a director has requested an absence report analysis for a disciplinary meeting be produced for the following day but unexpectedly a line manager has advised you of a potentially serious health and safety issue. Both needs are important to the person requesting them, and I would therefore look at the needs individually to assess their priority and risk to the business if they were not dealt with as a matter of urgency. The absence report could be to assist the director with looking into an individuals time keeping as part of a disciplinary, which is important as this could affect the way forward with the hearing, but the health and safety issue could be a greater risk to the business and/or individual at that precise moment in time so a risk assessment would need to be carried out immediately and then a decision could be made whether action was needed immediately and would therefore then take priority over the absence report. Communication Methods Communication Method| Advantages| Disadvantages| Electronic (Email)| * Quick * Log receipt * Complete * Can send large documentation * Cost advantages| * Eliminate Equal Opportunities due to lack of access * No tone * No relationship * Could be misconstrued | Written (Printed Material)| * Meets legal requirements * Clear audit trail * Provides reference * More in depth detail| * Lack of face to face contact * Unsecure * Slow * Expensive| Verbal(Telephone/Face to Face)| * Checking of understanding * Personal * Immediate| * Trepidation * Language * Lengthy * Lack of control * Cost of calls| Effective communication as explained by Albert Mehrabian in his communication model found that spoken words account for only 7% of what a listener perceives, the remaining 93% of what a listener comprehends originates from the speaker’s body language and tone employed in the delivery of the words. Building and Maintaining Effective Service Building Relationships – It is important to develop a positive attitude, be less judgmental and more accepting of others. Gather Improve Your Communication Skills,  listen carefully and focus on the speaker's message. This will allow you to respond appropriately and avoid misunderstandings. Resolve conflicts early. Treat ALL colleagues with respect and always be courteous and professional. Be open and honest about your feelings and allow others to do the same. Understand and accept personal or cultural differences. Dealing with Difficult Customers and Resolving their Complaints – Listen to the customer and thank them for bringing the problem to your attention. Sincerely convey to the customer your apology for the way the situation has made them feel, but avoiding blame and determine what the customer is seeking as a solution. Once this is established seek to agree on the solution and take quick action to resolve and follow up to ensure the customer is completely satisfied. Meeting time and Budget Constraints – Set goal and deadline expectations at the outset. Prioritise workload and delegate if there is an opportunity too if time is restricted. Research and compare costings to ensure the best value is gained without compromising quality. Must ensure the regular updates are provided. Continuous Improvement – To ensure high levels of customer satisfaction, it is important for HR to continually measure and monitor the needs of its various customers, determine how well it is meeting those needs and identify any areas that represent gaps, this could be done in the form of an annual employee survey, issuing feedback forms for completion or requesting short feedback via email as well as looking at your PDP plan at your annual review and at regular intervals throughout the year. BIBLIOGRAPHY CIPD HR Profession Map http://www. cipd. co. uk/cipd-hr-profession/hr-profession-map/explore-map. aspx (28 Oct 2011) Albert Mehrabian Communication Model http://www. vestedoutsourcing. com/the-psychology-of-outsourcing-part-4-albert-mehrabian-and-comminication/ (31 October 2011) APPENDIX Appendix 18 Behaviours Description Appendix 2Service & Delivery and Information Professional Area Description