Thursday, December 26, 2019

Persuasive Essay On Underage Drinking - 739 Words

In the United States today many teens have the problem of underage drinking. Whether they do it to look cool or to have fun, it is an enormous problem. In fact, one our four teens state that the would ride with a driver that is intoxicated (â€Å"Underage Drinking†). This shows that teenagers and not only irresponsible with alcohol, but also uniformed of the serious consequences. Although the rates of underage drinking have dropped within time, there are still ways to lower these rates more (Klass). With much research and problem solving, I have come up with three different ways to lessen the issue of underage drinking. The three options I focused my research on was changing the way colleges teach, lowering the drinking age, and informing†¦show more content†¦Along with that, sports coaches could have their teams stay late on Friday nights for a team bonding experience or a late night practice to keep the athletes from going to parties (Fennell). These processes are w ays to keep the average college student too busy to deal with underage drinking. Out of these few systems, I believe changing the way professors post their information online would create a small change in the amount of partying that college students participate in. Last but not least, there could be many things adults can do to prevent underage kids from binge drinking or drinking in general. If teenagers receive strong messages from their parents that underage drinking is dangerous, then they may think more about the decisions that they make. The more parents allow their children to drink and throw parties at home, the more likely they will also go out of the house and drink as well. If teenagers are well educated on the side effects of underage drinking the percent of underage drinking will decline. In May of this year, a study showed that 1 in 6 highschool students reported that they were binge drinking. That is a crazy amount, and with that number, we can tell that teenages are not well educated on the aftermath that can come with underage drinking (â€Å"Underage Drinking†). It would be helpful if parents simply informed the teenagers that if they choose to drink it should not be done excessively.Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Underage Drinking1515 Words   |  7 Pagesor the ones around them. The topic of lowering the drinking age has been in discussion for many decades. â€Å"Between 1970 and 1976, 29 states lowered their age for drinking alcohol. The results were catastrophic. Highway deaths among teenagers and young adults skyrocketed. Almost immediately, states began raising the minimum drinking age again.† â€Å"In 1984, Congress passed the Uniform Drinking Age Act, which required states to have a minimum drinking age of 21 for all types of alcohol consumption if theyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Underage Drinking1075 Words   |  5 Pagesthe prohibition of alcohol. â€Å"The legal drinking age in the United States is 21. Howe ver, this was not the case until 1984, when the National Minimum Drinking Age Act required the 50 states to raise their drinking age to 21 or lose 10 percent of their federal highway money. While this was expected to prevent the dangerous behavior, it actually has made young Americans more likely to binge-drink† (Warvin and Hall 1). Thus, causing a problem with underage drinking. Banning the sale of alcohol to anyoneRead MorePersuasive Essay On Underage Drinking1291 Words   |  6 PagesUnderage drinking is one of the largest problems that we have in the United States. This is a problem because alcohol is an item that nobody under twenty-one years of age is allowed to purchase or consume. People who are underage are punished by law when they consume or attempt to purchase alcohol illegally. This makes people under twenty-one want alcohol even more. In other countries where the drinking age is lower, there are less problems because it gives parents the push to teach their chil drenRead MorePersuasive Essay On Underage Drinking1580 Words   |  7 Pages Underage drinking has been a huge problem in the United States of America. Underage drinking need to be regulated more closely so it can be stopped. Unfortunately, minors tend to see drinking as an adult thing which makes it fall into the category of being â€Å"cool†. More teenagers are giving into peer pressure and are getting involved in the consumption of alcohol. A study done in 2003 by the U.S Department of Health and Human Resources shows that most teenagers start drinking at the age of fourteenRead MoreDrinking and Driving Persuasive Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesDrinking and Driving Persuasive Essay Comm215 July 12, 2010 Drinking and Driving Each year numerous lives are lost due to careless and irrational driving. The disregard for safe driving has been a predicament to the United States of America for years. Many years Police have relied heavily on speed cameras, breathalyzer tests and heavy fines as a deterrent against unlawful drivers. Over the years fatality rates have increased, so the Department of Transportation and Highway Safety hasRead More Controversial Television Advertising Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesControversial Television Advertising We all know from our personal experience that one person’s idea of something offensive often differs from another’s. This essay is to determine the consequences towards negative advertising towards certain controversial products/services and why they are so offensive. All major media organizations need advertising to exist, thats how they pay their bills. At the same time, though, each organization sets its own advertising standards. Some ads a media companyRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States1783 Words   |  8 PagesPersuasive-Research Essay The legal drinking age in the United States is 21, while in other countries the legal age ranges from 16-18. The argument in the United States is â€Å"Should the United States lower its drinking age?† There are many sides to this argument but research has given many good points to back up both sides of the question. First thing is the difference between a teen’s brain with alcohol and an adult’s brain with alcohol. Another thing is drinking at a younger age can help teach cultureRead MoreInfluences of Advertising to Consumer Attitude Towards Buying a Product4796 Words   |  20 PagesBenefits to Consumers 1. Connect easily to the Company 2. Consumers can see the product form their houses than going to the store. V. Possible effects of Advertising A. To Children B. To teens C. To adult IV. Advertising and behavior A. Children underage of 4 maybe unable to distinguish advertising. B. Advertising increase consumption C. Public perception of the medium Conclusion: TV advertisements are likely to be more influential to the public and greatly influence company’s lifeline to succeedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 †¢ Electronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Biography of John Adams Essay - 783 Words

John Adams was born October 30, 1735 in Braintree Massachusetts to his father John Adams and mother Susanna Boylston Adams. His father was a deacon, lieutenant in the militia, and farmer. John looked up to his father, more than anyone. Recounting later in his life that if he could go back in time he would become a farmer like his father. John was the eldest to two younger brothers Peter and Elihu. He was also the second cousin to Samuel Adams who will later convince him to join the revolution, and third cousin to his future wife Abigail Smith. Growing up on a farm the young John Adams was opened to the world around him. Having a natural love for the outdoors he occasionally skipped class, though he was intelligent he hated school.†¦show more content†¦The soldiers fired on the crowd killing five and injuring many more. The soldiers were arrested on criminal charges and would be given a fair trial while Samuel Adams and his Sons of Liberty group protest that these soldiers be hung for their killing of innocent protesters and the withdraw of British soldiers from Boston. Captain Preston and his men seek the aid of a lawyer who will try their case. Every lawyer, not wanting their reputations to be diminished, because they would be siding with the British soldiers, they enlist the help of John Adams. Who is a stout supporter for the law, justice, and innocence, he accepts the case; even though he and his family may become endangered. The trial began on October 24, 1770. Going into the trial Adams realized that it would be an uphill battle, faced with a Bostonian jury and the threats and badgering against anyone who would be a witness. Adams has to convince the jury that Captain Preston did not order his men to fire, and were attacked by the crowd, while also proving that the crowd was a mob rather than a lawful assembly. From an eye witness that was standing next to the Captain proclaims that he did not tell his soldiers to fire. More witness confirm that the crowd was carrying clubs and sticks, while throwing oyster shells, snowballs, and rocks at the soldiers. The most alarming find was that some witnesses confess that the crowd was daring the soldiers to fire. ThroughShow MoreRelatedBiography of John Quincy Adams709 Words   |  3 Pages Did you know that John Quincy Adams is the most fit president because he walked three miles every day ? These facts are really interesting! To learn about John Quincy Adams. During his childhood these are some important events that happened. A little boy was born on July 11, 1767 in Braintree, Massachusetts. This little boy’s name is John Quincy Adams. When John was 10, he went with his father to France on a mission and acted as his father’s secretary. Also, from a hilltop near the family farmRead MoreEssay on John Adams: A Brief Biography780 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Adams was born on October 30th 1735, in Braintree, Massachusetts on his family farm. His father Deacon John Adams was a deacon of the church and also at times the town’s tax collector, constable, and lieutenant of the militia. Senior John Adams passed away in 1761 from the flu epidemic. Johns mother Susanna Boylston Adams was known to have a fiery temper. She remarried to Lt. John Hall, in 1766. John Adams did not seem to get along with his new stepfather. As a child John’s father taughtRead Moreâ€Å"Abigail Adams† by Janet Whitney1093 Words   |à ‚  5 Pagesthis world. One of these women is Abigail Adams, the only woman so far to be both wife and mother of a president. Sadly, however, â€Å"Abigail Adams† by Janet Whitney is far from being a biography of her life. Janet Whitney arranges her material in chronological presentation. She starts from how Abigail Adams and John Adams fell in love and got married. She continues on with the biography describing how John Adams came to presidency as Abigail Adams gave birth to his kids one by one. TheRead MoreAbigail Adams And The Revolutionary Time Period1585 Words   |  7 Pagesshould have learned women.† – Abigail Adams (Brainy Quote). In the 1700’s, most women were uneducated and thought little about education and knowledge of the intricate workings of government and society. However, one woman saw the value of education and free thinking way before most of her contemporaries. In Abigail Adams, a biography by Charles W. Akers, a unique perspective of the revolutionary time period is displayed through the eyes of Abigail Adams by contrasting the way women were treatedRead MoreThe Role Of The First Lady From Nothing Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesArielle Cohen Mr. Clark US History I 28 September 2015 Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, and Dolley Madison invented and created the role of the first lady from nothing. They were able to put content into a role that did not even exist beforehand. when there was no one that came before to teach them. Known as the first three first ladies, Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, and Dolley Madison defined the role of the first lady to society before anyone else had the chance to. By handled hostess dutiesRead MoreThe Legacy Of John Adams Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Legacy of John Adams In the early history of the United States, many founding fathers and people before them helped shape the underpinning for our nation’s liberty. Of the founding fathers and persons who were essential in the naissance of the great nation known today as the United States of America, John Adams is undoubtedly one of the most vital of them all. John Adams by David McCullough did not only do Adams’ life story justice, it also painted the man and his works so vividly in everyRead MoreThe Invisible Hand By Adam Smith923 Words   |  4 Pagesperson. Obvious that is Adam Smith. Even though, after ten years or thousand years the economists will recall Adam Smith. Moreover, if you visit United Kingdom you can recognize Adam Smith face in the 50 and 20 pounds. ‘Man is an animal that makes bargains†- Adam Smith (Brainy Quote, (n.d)). That is underling the people’s instinct when they make a deal. â€Å"A person, who received his education through hard work, is lik e an expensive Car’- Adam Smith (Brainy Quote, (n.d)). Adam Smith encouraged peopleRead MoreSummary Of Abigail And John Adams Debate Womens Rights992 Words   |  4 PagesPrimary Source Analysis #2 â€Å"Abigail and John Adams Debate Women’s Rights,† is of two letters first from Abigail and the second was John Adams with his response to Abigail. The 1774 letters showed how Abigail was advocating for women’s rights as John Adams defines the authority males really have in society. Abigail Adams was the wife of John Adams and was vital for his successes. Before she became his wife she was part of a â€Å"picture perfect nuclear family† (Biography), with her father being a minister;Read MoreAbigail Adams : American History1560 Words   |  7 PagesAbigail Adams Throughout the early times of this country, the idea of women having rights was far from necessary, but there were a few women out there, such as Abigail Adams who held high hopes that one day this nation that the founding fathers were building up, would allow for women to be treated equally as men. Although Abigail Adams was filled with these hopes, she always found ways to be involved in political issues, not only because she was John Adams wife, but she also aspired that one dayRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : The Biography.com Website 1155 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Biography.com Editors. Abigail Adams Biography. The Biography.com Website. AE Networks Television, n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2015. This source has credible authors. The fact that it has more than one authors makes it much more credible, considering that there is more credible information. This article has 5 main head titles. They go in this order; synopsis, early life, marriage to John Adams, political involvement and later life. They all give very important information and the

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Attribution theory Essay Example For Students

Attribution theory Essay ATTRIBUTION THEORY OF FRITZ HEIDERIntroductionThis article starts off by a man having his wife serve on a jury in a federal case involving conspiracy, racketeering, drug dealing, armed robbery, and extortion. There were seven defendants and one that escaped from police custody. The key government witness was an ex-gang member named Larry who was called the Canary by the defendants because he turned informer. For two months Jean, the wife, listened to Larrys testimony and tried to figure out whether his account of the incident was credible or not. A question in her mind was that whether his behavior on the stand was that of pathological liar, a rejected pal seeking revenge, a petty crook who would say anything to save his own skin, or and honest witness dedicated to the truth? All this falls into Fritz Heiders attribution theory saying that we all tend to rationalize in the same way. Fritz said that the theory of attribution is the process of drawing inferences. This would be seeing a person act and immediately reaching a conclusion that goes beyond mere sensory information. Example: Larry yawns while on the stand. Your immediate conclusive reaction would be is he bored, afraid, tired, or indifferent. In the article it says that Heider would see us as nave psychologist bringing common sense to bear on an interpersonal judgment. It also says that we cant help it to make these judgments. This is because we make personality judgments in order to explain otherwise confusing behavior. Heider says that theres another reason for making causal inferences from behavior. The reason is because we want to know what to expect in the future. He says prediction is a survival skill. Example: Jean comes face-to-face with one of the defendants, in her jury trail, outside a train station. Mildly anxious, she quickly turned aside. Accurate attributions can help us know which people might do us harm. The article also talks about attribution as being a three-step process through which we perceive others as causal agents. The three-step process talked about includes perception of the action (You saw it), judgment of intention (You/they meant to do that), and attribution of disposition (What you think of the action). AnalysisTo begin, in the case with Jean trying to figure out whether Larrys story was credible and how to categorize his behavior. In my opinion I would think him turning informer would have been for some type of personal gain whether it be maybe he was in to deep with the gang, he could have been charged with a crime and investigators could have promised him a minor sentencing of some sort, clearing his name as an ex-gang member, or just making him feel good that he did he something to put the criminals away (Which I think would be less likely to be. More like thanking that those ex-gang members of his are out of his face). The article was interesting but left me with some questions. It was very truth unfolding about things that I never really thought about like when it talked about the common biases in judging intention. All those five examples to me were very true. What was also an eye opening topic was that about the freedom of choice where that we assume that people are responsible for the things that happen to them. This had a lot of truth to it but it jeopardized the thought that some things happen for a certain reason and not that we looked for it to happen. Im very religious and that brought some controversy with the way I thought about things. .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c , .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .postImageUrl , .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c , .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c:hover , .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c:visited , .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c:active { border:0!important; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c:active , .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79829c06ce45484f3275ca756f80cc6c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Deforestation In Brazil EssayWhat grabbed my attention a lot were the two topics of self-perception and critique. In my opinion I think people interpret behavior they see by relating it to behavior of their own and what they would do in a circumstance involving the same environment. The wrong thing about that would be that not everybody thinks alike or acts the same if introduced to the same circumstances. An example of that would be saying that everybody acts stupid when they are drunk. Put twenty people in one room get them drunk and see if they all carry out in the same manner. One thing that I didnt comprehend was in issue of self-perception where it talked about that conventional wisdom suggests that behavior follows attitude and that it is the other way around that actions precede attitude. The example show is: I like tennis because I play it and not I play tennis because I like it. I just really didnt understand that. ConclusionI viewed the article as being truth unfolding but with many controversial issues to it. Some of which I didnt understand. All in all the article served as a good stepping stone in how not to jump to quick judgments or conclusions. Look for adequate evidence or information to seek the right conclusive judgment. ReferenceGriffin, Em, McGraw Hill Inc. (1994) A First Look at Communication Theory

Monday, December 2, 2019

Smoking Ban in New York

Introduction In essence, the main thrust of the ban against smoking is connected to the widely spread notion that second hand smoke has detrimental effects on the health of bystanders. It is argued that workers who inhale second hand smoke on a daily basis are placed at risk of developing the same type of detrimental health effects that smokers subject themselves to and as such presents itself as a real health concern in workplace environments (METRO BRIEFS, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Ban in New York specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Originally, prohibiting smoking within establishments was under the option of the property owner however as the notion of the detrimental health effects of second hand smoke proliferated this resulted in a smoking ban put into effect by certain towns, cities and most recently the state of New York (METRO BRIEFS, 2011). What must be understood is that the smoking ba n that will be put into effect is a direct result of two rights clashing against each other, namely: the right of people to work/eat etc. in a safe environment and the right of smokers not to be discriminated against as a social group. It must be noted though that the effects of secondary smoke on bystanders is still inconclusive and the potential economic reversals that may occur as a direct result of the ban are potentially considerable. As such, this paper will explore whether the various reasons behind the smoking ban are justifiable, if the after effects are potentially detrimental and will judge if the ban is a justifiable form of discrimination against a particular social group. Justifying the Ban on Smoking An examination of the literature leading up to the New York Ban on smoking reveals that the primary reason behind the ban itself is due to concerns related to the effects of second hand smoke on the general public (Philippidis, 2002). While smokers take it upon themselves to knowingly degenerate their lungs and general physical health other individuals do not take up such a choice. While there have been no conclusive studies examining the effects of prolonged exposure to second hand smoke, enough studies have shown that smoke from cigarettes contains the same detrimental effects as what a smoker takes into his own body. It is based on studies such as this that the ban on smoking is justified since it is assumed that prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke will result in the same level of exposure as compared to a normal smoker (The Beat, 2007). Restaurant workers are especially at risk since unlike the average smoker who stops smoking from time to time waiters, bartenders and other service attendants who are within a smoke filled environment on a constant basis due to the regular influx of smoking customers are thus exposed to greater concentrations of second hand smoke (Philippidis, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The detrimental effects are also stated as not being limited to service attendants alone but extend to the customers of various establishments who are also exposed to high levels of cigarette smoke. It is based on such factors and the potentially detrimental effects they have that the ban on smoking is seen as being a justifiable measure since not all individuals choose to willingly subject their bodies to prolonged deterioration as seen in the case of numerous smokers (The Beat, 2007). Potential Aftereffects of the Smoking Ban During the various events leading up to the establishment of the new law against smoking in public areas, numerous concerns had been raised of which the potential economic effects of the ban were among the most prevalent (Sales steady after N.Y. smoking ban, 2006). Banning smoking within restaurants and various establishments were though of as having the effect of alienating a particular consumer segment which would reduce business profits. It was feared that smokers would merely go to establishments that allowed smoking versus those that didn’t resulting in a considerable loss of income (Sales steady after N.Y. smoking ban, 2006). In light of this potential situation the total prohibition of smoking in all establishments (with a few exceptions) was seen as the best possible solution of which restaurant and shop owners were all in agreement with. The end result is a situation in which smokers would have to travel to adjoining states in order to smoke within various restaurants and establishments, an unlikely scenario given the high cost of gas and the inconvenience of having to travel just to eat and smoke at the same time. Thus the potential economic aftereffects of the smoking ban are negligible further justifying its implementation within the state of New York. Is the ban a Justifiable form of Discrimination? When examining the basis of the ban it can be s een that it is in essence a form of discrimination against smokers, as such it must be questioned whether it is ethically justifiable to effectively ban an activity which is done by a particular social demographic. What must be understood is that unlike other forms of discrimination such as those pertaining to race, ethnicity and gender; smoking actually has a verifiable detrimental effect on people (SIEGEL, 2011). Coming from a particular gender, race or ethnic background doesn’t cause any detrimental effects to people within a particular area while smoking does cause the prevalence of second hand smoke which is considered to be hazardous to a person’s health. It is based on these facts that it can be seen that discrimination on the basis of race, gender and ethnicity is unjustifiable since there are no immediate effects noted while smoking has verifiable negative effects which makes it justified to discriminate against it since it posses a distinct health risk to peo ple within a particular location (SIEGEL, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Ban in New York specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Based on the various facts and arguments presented in this paper I would like to state that I am in favor of the smoking ban in New York since as it can be seen it posses little detrimental economic aftereffects, creates a safer working and eating environment for people within the state and based on the fact that it is considered a health hazard makes it justifiable to discriminate against its use within public areas. The statement â€Å"the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few† is applicable in this particular case since it is in the best interest of the majority to preserve their health as compared to the perceived convenience of smoking for the minority of smokers within the state. Reference List METRO BRIEFS. (2011). New York Amsterdam News, 10 2(8), 3. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Philippidis, A. (2002). Golden Apple considers NYC smoking ban. Westchester County  Business Journal, 41(34), 5. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Sales steady after N.Y. smoking ban. (2006). Indianapolis Business Journal, 27(21), 20A. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. SIEGEL, M. B. (2011, May 6). A Smoking Ban Too Far. New York Times. p. 27. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.. The Beat. (2007). Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(10), A491-A493. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Smoking Ban in New York was written and submitted by user Newton Destine to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.